Views of a Feminist Theologian on Violence Against Women 

 
Toronto Star 

Strangely, the most disturbing image on the screen is not one of violence but an ominous declaration by some men, that killing women who dishonor the faith and the family, is a matter of pride. Three hundred people sit horrified watching A Matter Of Honor, an unflinching documentary on the practice of so-called honour killings of girls and young women by close male relatives in Pakistan.  These women, are killed or burnt beyond recognition if they are suspected of immoral activities which could range from being seen with the wrong person, expressing a wish to marry someone they like or going out alone at night.  The camera pans on to Foqqia Bibi, only 16, who has 50 burns on her body.  The only sounds she can make are groans of agony as she cries out in torment.   Married against her will, her husband's family sprinkled her body with kerosene and set her alight.  By the time the documentary was through being filmed, Foqqia Bibi was dead - no arrest was made.

The occasion was a fundraising dinner earlier this month at the Talim ul Islam Centre in Weston to raise awareness and money for the International Network For The Rights of Female Victims of Violence in Pakistan.

The dinner, organized by Thornhill educator Ahmed Motiar, was supported by The Canadian Council of Muslim Women, International Development and Refugee Foundation, Muslim Chronicle and  York Region Islamic Society.  Motiar, 59, is pleased a large number of men attended the dinner. `Violence against women is not just a women's issue,'' he says. `It involves men, so awareness has to be raised within a larger framework.''

The audience is primarily Muslims from diverse backgrounds but also includes a few non-Muslims. This problem is not isolated in the Muslim world but has a menacing international presence and needs to be addressed across the board.  Unfortunately, events in Turkey, Jordan and Pakistan have come to the attention of Western media recently so it seems that this is a Muslim issue. But so-called honor killings are totally and unequivocally against all teachings of Islam. Therefore we want to erase this misconception  and express a universal message of support and solidarity towards those  working for the cause of violence against women.

The guest speaker, a professor of religious studies and humanities at the University of Louisville and founder of the network, is such a crusader. Hassan begins her address in a light vein. ``I've read many books on the rights and roles of Muslim women but have never seen anything on the rights of Muslim men .. does this mean they have none?''

Men look sheepish, women applaud. Hassan, who has been accused for blowing the issue of honour killings out of proportion, explains the importance of the history of her campaign: ``If a trains  becomes derailed, you have to go to the start to see the reason why it got  derailed and only then can you remedy the damage.''

In February, 1999, ABC's Nightline aired A Matter of Honor. One commentator  was Hassan, the other Asma Jehangir, president of the Pakistan Human Rights Commission. Following the show, I received a large number of e-mails and faxes from concerned individuals. Two important sentiments were expressed: a strong sense of outrage at the brutality against women, coupled with a keen desire to take action; and a concern that the documentary should not be interpreted so that Islam condones or justifies honour killings.

The day after the Nightline show, Hassan founded the International Network For The Rights of Female Victims of Violence in Pakistan as a non - profit organization, primarily to create awareness, mobilize a lobby against honour killings and collect funds for building Burns Units in Pakistan. In less than four weeks, 300 people had joined and expressed their support.

But she also faced resistance and criticism.

"Many  Muslims reacted negatively to the documentary calling it biased and anti - Islam. They said setting up INRFVVP would only fuel the Western media's propaganda against Islam and Muslims.''

This reaction was repeated in Toronto before Hassan's visit.  It fell upon Hassan to diffuse a volatile situation and counter the criticism with her knowledge and expertise in the field.

To those who are in a state of denial, I wish to say that what is important in this context is that regardless of the intentions of those who broadcast A Matter of Honor, the fact remains that female victims of violence shown in this film are real human beings, speak in their own voices, whose intense pain and agony we see with our own eyes.  

"By denying, ignoring or obscuring the occurrence of these horrible crimes ranging from having acid thrown in one's face to being set on fire to being physically mutilated to being murdered ... one  is neither taking the high moral ground or advancing the best interests of Pakistan.''  

Hassan stresses the importance of addressing the issue of honour killings  and taking steps to bring the killers of innocent women, to justice. "Most such murders are never reported. When they are, the police rarely prosecute the killers.''

Ominously, Amnesty International recently reported that "the number of honour killings is on the rise as the perception of what constitutes honor  widens.  There are signs that honour killings will become the next major international women's issue.''

Hassan is aware of the fine line that separates cultural practices from those deemed Islamic.  For 25 years, this devout Muslim has analyzed the differences between normative Islam and how patriarchal cultures have interpreted it.  She clearly differentiates between culture and faith and says honour killings are neither condoned by nor part of Islam.

"Islam is not the reason these women are bring killed,'' she says. "These killings are not happening because men are following Islam  rather the opposite. True Islam is very protective of women's rights. The Qur'an offers no religious or ethical justification for discriminating against women.  If we were to construct a society on the true basis of Islam, men and women  would be equal in the sight of God.'' 

Hassan has written  many papers and books on the subject, her most controversial ones are: 
Women's And Men's Liberation: Testimonies Of Spirit, Greenwood Press, Inc. Westport 1991; Women's Rights and Islam: from ICPD to Beijing, NISA publications, Louisville 1995 and Equal Before Allah? LSPPA Yayasan Prakarsa, Indonesia 1996.

She says in order to understand the psyche of those who discriminate against women in Islam, it's necessary to study the religion in detail.

"Women are discriminated and victimized due to social, political and economic causes.  But religion becomes the raison d'tre and men use Islam to legitimize their crimes. This is the  reason this reality has to be dealt with, from within Islam.''

It was her personal search to find a niche for herself that led Hassan, a native of Lahore Pakistan  to the study of Qur'an and Hadith 25 years ago.  Several years after earning a Ph.D. in England in 1968, Hassan moved to United States to teach and research. A single mother, she worked as visiting lecturer and professor at Villanova University, the University of Pennsylvania and Oklahoma State University before being hired by the University of Louisville.  In 1991 she was  selected by the arts and sciences faculty as "A Woman of Achievement.'' Hassan has also lectured at Harvard.

In February this year, frustrated by lack of action in Pakistan, Hassan wrote an open letter to the country's military ruler, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, outlining her quest for justice for women.

There are some indications international pressure is working.  In March, the government of Pakistan announced its opposition to honour killings and said it would improve medical care for female burn victims.

In addition, the first national Human Rights and Human Dignity conference was recently held in Islamabad.  At the opening, Gen. Musharraf condemned honour killings and said such actions have no place in religion or law.  Honour killings, he promised, will now be treated as murders and medical facilities will be provided to the victims and their families.

"Despite such hopeful signs, much remains to be done,'' Hassan says. "Laws have to be put into place, support is needed for building and sustaining an international movement such as was launched for the elimination of female genital mutilation, and for setting up humanitarian assistance for the victims who are mostly poor and illiterate.

 
"Support is also needed for conducting investigative research so that hard data can be obtained for a systematic analysis of the growing problem.''  

For more information, contact The International Network For The Rights of Female Victims of Violence in Pakistan, P.O. Box 17202, Louisville,  Ky., 40217,
phone (502) 637‑4090, fax (502) 638‑4002

 

Raheel Raza is a proud Muslim and a proud feminist.   

  
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